De tangible a intangible, de inútil a pilar del desarrollo: el cambio de percepción del patrimonio cultural en África
Palabras clave:
Definición de patrimonio, percepción del patrimonio cultural, conservación del patrimonio en África, colonialismo y patrimonio, historia del patrimonio en África, usos del patrimonio en África.Resumen
La definición de patrimonio cultural en África se ha metamorfoseado desde la época precolonial. Muchas comunidades tenían conceptos del patrimonio cultural: su gestión y formas de perpetuación, pero la mayoría quedaron sin documentar y se han perdido con el paso de los años, más aún como consecuencia de la dominación colonial y de las consiguientes rupturas de las tradiciones orales. Constituir un debate sustancial sobre los cambios en las concepciones del patrimonio durante el periodo precolonial es un reto actual, aunque sin duda la agilidad de esas formas de conocer propiciaron algunas medidas de gestión eficaces con las cuales los colonos encontraran gran parte del patrimonio aún existente. Aquí se analiza la evolución de la definición, las percepciones y la gestión del patrimonio durante la época colonial y el África independiente; se explora cómo el patrimonio se ha configurado, desarrollado y utilizado en África a lo largo de ese periodo. La evolución de la noción de patrimonio cultural se vio influida y reflejada en la transformación económica y social suscitada en el continente. Aunque la mayoría de las definiciones oficiales de patrimonio, y la forma en que tal se gestiona y utiliza en África hoy en día sigue derivándose predominantemente del discurso colonial, los conceptos locales han persistido al margen y se están filtrando lentamente en la corriente principal. Así, el documento explora la transformación del patrimonio dentro de marcos dicotómicos, pero a menudo convergentes, de percepción del patrimonio occidental y africano.
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