Reflexiones sobre la diversidad cultural y patrimonial
Palabras clave:
verdad y autenticidad, mitología, tradición y modernidad, patrimonio cultural inmaterial y material, expresión cultural, tradición viva, creatividad humana, paisaje, paisaje cultural, territorio urbanizado, vestigios culturales.Resumen
El presente artículo pretende ofrecer una panorámica de lo que caracteriza la diversidad cultural y patrimonial de la humanidad. La búsqueda de un significado en el entorno y en la creación del universo se constata pronto en la evolución del ser humano, probablemente en el Paleolítico; se ha expresado en la mitología, en los procesos tradicionales, así como en el diseño creativo del hábitat y en las obras de arte, como el rupestre, que muestra una increíble y temprana madurez. Aunque la modernidad ha introducido nuevos enfoques en la interpretación del entorno, la comprensión de los orígenes y la evolución del pensamiento humano siguen teniendo su rol en las políticas modernas de patrimonio. La noción de expresiones culturales humanas, introducida por la unesco en 2005, puede referirse a cuatro tipos diferentes de recursos: a) tradiciones vivas y comunicación; b) monumentos y memoriales; c) logros creativos excepcionales, y d) reconocimiento de vestigios antiguos como patrimonio. En adición, la noción de paisaje puede entenderse como un panorama o en referencia a una pintura. El paisaje cultural, en cambio, se refiere al reconocimiento de un territorio por sus cualidades históricas y arqueológicas, incluyendo los paisajes diseñados y sagrados. La noción de paisaje urbano histórico fue introducida por la unesco en 2011 para reconocer la importancia del entorno de un recurso patrimonial, así como la necesidad de extender la gestión al contexto territorial más amplio dentro del enfoque más general de conservación urbana integrada
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